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Water Investigation

Running Dry: How Corpus Christi Drifted Into a Water Crisis

A decade of industrial commitments made without supply, a desalination saga that collapsed at 10% design, and a drought framework last updated in 2001. Now 320,000 residents face Stage 3 restrictions — and the worst may not be over.

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The Numbers Behind the Crisis

What the data says — reservoir levels, industrial commitments, and the failed desalination bet.

7.8%Combined ReservoirsApr 26, 2026Stage 3
7.4%Choke CanyonApr 26, 2026Historical Low
8.7%Lake Corpus ChristiApr 26, 2026All-Time Low 6.1%
  • Industrial commitment: ExxonMobil / SABIC (Gulf Coast Growth Ventures): 25 MGD committed, about 13 MGD drawn.
  • Emergency reduction: 15.7 MGD total reduction target, with residents contributing 0 MGD.
  • Desalination cost: $1,200,000,000 — Inner Harbor Seawater Desalination (Original) (canceled)

A Decade of Decisions That Led Here

From early warning signs to the most visible public consequences — each event a choice, a delay, or a failure to act.

May 14, 2015 · water quality

First of multiple boil water notices issued

City of Corpus Christi issues boil water advisory due to bacterial contamination in the distribution system. This was one of at least three bacterial boil-water notices between 2015-2016, signaling chronic operational strain in the water system.

Dec 14, 2016 · water quality

Industrial chemical contaminates city water supply

Indulin AA-86, an asphalt emulsifying agent, backflows from the Ergon Asphalt and Emulsions facility into the city's water distribution system. Unlike the prior bacterial boil-water notices, this was industrial chemical contamination — a categorically different and more dangerous failure. The city issues a do-not-use advisory affecting 320,000 residents.

Apr 15, 2017 · industrial

City commits 25 MGD of water to ExxonMobil/SABIC — before desalination plan exists

Six days after ExxonMobil and Saudi Basic Industries Corp. (SABIC) accept Corpus Christi's offer of water for the $10 billion Gulf Coast Growth Ventures plastics complex, the city authorizes an application for state funding to develop preliminary desalination plans. The 25 MGD allocation equals all residential water consumption in the city. The desalination plant that was supposed to supply this water has no design, no contractor, and no timeline.

Jan 1, 2018 · governance

Drought ordinance amended to exempt large-volume industrial customers

The City Council amends the drought contingency ordinance to carve out exemptions for large-volume industrial water customers from emergency drought surcharges. The surcharge rate is set at 31 cents per 1,000 gallons for industrial users — far below what residential customers face under restrictions.

Jun 1, 2018 · industrial

Steel Dynamics receives 6 MGD water allocation

Steel Dynamics is allocated 6 million gallons per day for a new rolled-steel factory. Combined with the ExxonMobil commitment, the city has now pledged 31 MGD to industrial users — all contingent on new water supply capacity that does not yet exist.

Aug 1, 2019 · desalination

Desalination plan presented to City Council — $140M, 10 MGD

The city presents its first formal desalination proposal to the City Council: a $140 million plant producing 10 million gallons per day, to be operational by early 2023. The plan explicitly cites the ExxonMobil and Steel Dynamics water commitments as the reason the plant 'needs to be operational in early 2023.'

Jun 1, 2020 · desalination

Desalination scope doubles — $222M, 20 MGD

The desalination project scope is expanded from 10 MGD to 20 MGD with a revised cost estimate of $222 million. The original 2023 operational deadline is already slipping.

Oct 1, 2021 · drought

Combined reservoir system drops below 50% — Watch threshold crossed

The Coastal Bend combined reservoir system falls below 50% capacity, crossing the Water Shortage Watch threshold. Choke Canyon is at 47%. The multi-year decline that began in late 2019 is now visible in the drought contingency framework.

Who Had the Levers

The institutions and individuals whose decisions shaped this outcome.

Corpus Christi City Council
Governing body responsible for water policy, rate-setting, and infrastructure investment decisions.
6 decisions5 connections
Corpus Christi Water Department
City department responsible for water treatment, distribution, and supply planning.
4 decisions3 connections
Governor Greg Abbott
Texas Governor. Issued emergency directives and publicly accused the city of squandering state water funds.
3 decisions3 connections
ExxonMobil / SABIC (Gulf Coast Growth Ventures)
$10 billion plastics/ethane cracker plant in San Patricio County. Largest single industrial water consumer in the Corpus Christi system.
2 decisions2 connections
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
State environmental regulator. Administers the 2001 Agreed Order governing drought stages. Never updated the order for multi-year climate droughts.
2 decisions2 connections
Texas Water Development Board
State water planning and financing agency. Approved $535M SWIFT loan that became locked when desal collapsed.
2 decisions2 connections

Core Documents

Frozen research set, plus TPIA targets for the missing records that would deepen the record further.

TWDB — Water Data for Texas: Coastal Bend Regionreservoir data
Apr 26, 2026
Live reservoir storage data for Choke Canyon and Lake Corpus Christi. Updated daily.Open source →
TWDB — Choke Canyon Reservoir Historical Data (CSV)reservoir data
Apr 26, 2026
Daily conservation storage data for Choke Canyon Reservoir.Open source →
TWDB — Lake Corpus Christi Historical Data (CSV)reservoir data
Apr 26, 2026
Daily conservation storage data for Lake Corpus Christi.Open source →
TWDB — Lake Texana Historical Data (CSV)reservoir data
Apr 26, 2026
Daily conservation storage data for Lake Texana (Mary Rhodes Pipeline supply).Open source →
Corpus Christi City Council — Legistar Legislative Recordscouncil minutes
Apr 26, 2026
Full legislative history including water-related resolutions, ordinance amendments, contract approvals, and meeting minutes.Open source →
City of Corpus Christi — Stage 3 Water Restrictionswater planning
Apr 26, 2026
City's official Stage 3 drought restriction information page.Open source →
Texas Observer — Who Gets the Water When Corpus Christi Runs Drymedia
Apr 10, 2026
Analysis showing Level 1 Emergency demand reduction falls entirely on industry (15.7 MGD target, residents at 0.0). ExxonMobil alone uses 13 MGD.Open source →
Inside Climate News — Corpus Christi's Aquifer Gamblemedia
Apr 1, 2026
Investigation into emergency groundwater pumping from the Evangeline Aquifer, permit issues, and environmental concerns.Open source →

What Comes Next

Three Structural Failures, Three Fixes

Supply Before Commitment
Industrial water allocations were made before any new supply existed. Future commitments must be tied to constructed — not planned — capacity.
Update the Drought Triggers
The 2001 drought framework was never updated. Trigger thresholds need to reflect current demand levels, climate projections, and population growth.
Desalination Accountability
A project that grew from $140M to $1.2B with no independent cost oversight. Future capital projects need binding cost controls and public review gates.
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